Define the term "checks and balances."

The term "checks and balances" refers to a fundamental principle in the structure of government that is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining excessive power over the others. This system ensures that each branch—executive, legislative, and judicial—has the ability to limit or check the powers of the others. This creates a balance of power, where the actions of one branch can be regulated by the others, thereby safeguarding democratic governance and protecting the rights of citizens.

For instance, the legislative branch can create laws, but the executive branch has the authority to veto legislation. Similarly, the judiciary can review laws and declare them unconstitutional if they violate the principles set forth in the constitution. This reciprocal oversight is crucial in maintaining a healthy democracy, where power is not centralized but rather distributed among various entities to promote accountability and fairness.