What does the term "Empire" refer to?

The term "Empire" refers to a group of states or territories that are controlled by one ruler, often characterized by a centralized authority and a hierarchical structure of governance. Empires typically expand their influence and power through conquest or colonization, incorporating diverse populations and lands under a single political framework. This central control often leads to the establishment of a uniform legal system, trade practices, and cultural exchange, allowing for the administration and management of wide-ranging regions.

In contrast to the correct answer, the other options describe forms of governance or political organization that do not align with the concept of an empire. A small clan governing itself suggests a localized and autonomous entity, which lacks the expansive territorial control associated with empires. A democratic assembly of nations implies collective governance, often based on cooperation and mutual consent, rather than domination by a single ruler. Lastly, a collection of independent countries signifies sovereignty and autonomy among nations, which stands in opposition to the overarching authority inherent in an empire.