What is imperialism?

Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means. This definition aligns with historical practices where powerful nations sought to expand their reach and control over other territories. This often involved exerting political, economic, and cultural dominance, resulting in significant changes in the societies that were colonized. Many historical examples demonstrate how countries pursued imperial goals, such as the British Empire in the 19th century, which expanded extensively across various continents, fundamentally altering the social and political landscapes of the colonized regions.

Other options do not capture the essence of imperialism accurately. For instance, restricting trade with colonies suggests a more protective or isolationist approach, rather than one aimed at expansion. Similarly, a doctrine of isolationism stands in direct contrast to the principles of imperialism, which thrives on engagement and influence rather than withdrawal from global affairs. Lastly, the establishment of democratic institutions worldwide, while potentially a goal of some imperial powers, is not a defining characteristic of imperialism itself, which is more concerned with domination than with the promotion of democracy.