Which civilization is known as the first Mesoamerican civilization?

The Olmec civilization is recognized as the first Mesoamerican civilization, emerging around 1200 BCE and lasting until about 400 BCE. They are considered the "mother culture" of later Mesoamerican societies due to their significant contributions in various cultural and social aspects. The Olmec are known for their impressive monumental head sculptures made from basalt, as well as their early development of complex societies, including urban centers such as La Venta and San Lorenzo.

The Olmec's influence can be seen in subsequent cultures such as the Maya and the Aztec, demonstrating their fundamental role in laying the groundwork for future Mesoamerican civilizations. Their advancements in arts, architecture, and even early writing systems are a testament to their pioneering status in the region. This foundational role solidifies the Olmec's importance in Mesoamerican history, distinguishing them from later civilizations like the Maya and Aztec, who followed in their footsteps.